ICJIM
Intercontinental Journal of Internal Medicine

The Intercontinental Journal of Internal Medicine aims to publish issues related to all fields of internal medicine of the highest scientific and clinical value at an international level and accepts articles on these topics. This journal is indexed by indices that are considered international scientific journal indices (DRJI, ESJI, OAJI, etc.). According to the current Associate Professorship criteria, it is within the scope of International Article 1-d. Each article published in this journal corresponds to 5 points.

eISSN: 2980-0846
Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International License.
EndNote Style

Online Manuscript System

Index
Review
COVID-19 infection: antiviral therapy
Abstract
This review summarizes the current literature on antiviral drugs used in the treatment of COVID-19. The pandemic caused by COVID-19 is an important cause of mortality and morbidity all over the world and in Turkey. COVID-19 infection is a viral infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus that can affect many organs, such as the heart, gastrointestinal system, and central nervous system, especially the lungs. Many anti-microbials have been tried in the treatment of COVID-19 in the past few years. Today, there are some antiviral drugs that have clinically proven efficacy in the treatment of COVID-19 and are still in use.

Keywords : COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, clinical trials, current treatment, antiviral drugs

Download Article


1. Tanriverdi ES, Yakupoğulları Y, Otlu B. COVID-19 etkeninin özellikleri. In:Çiçek C, editör. Mikrobiyoloji ve COVID-19. Türkiye Klinikleri: 2020:7-14.
2. Aboul-Fotouh S, Mahmoud AN, Elnahas EM, Habib MZ, Abdelraouf SM. Whatare the current anti-COVID-19 drugs? From traditional to smart molecularmechanisms. Virol J. 2023;20(1):241. doi: 10.1186/s12985-023-02210-z
3. Çınar G, Birengel S. Remdesivir. In: Birengel S, Balık İ, eds. COVID-19Tedavi Uygulamaları: Kanıt Değerleri. Türkiye Klinikleri: 2021:11-14.
4. World Health Organization, WHO Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19).woldometers.info/coronavirus
5. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı COVID-19 aşısı bilgilendirme platformu.https://covid19asi.saglik.gov.tr/
6. Cesur S, Özsoy M. Antiviral ilaçlar [Lopinavir/ ritonavir ve diğer proteazinhibitörleri (Darunavir-kobisistat), ribavirin, diğer antiviraller: Arbidol(Umifenovir), camostat]. In: Birengel S, Balık İ, eds. COVID-19 TedaviUygulamaları: Kanıt Değerleri. Türkiye Klinikleri: 2021:15-19.
7. Yalçı A. Antiparaziter ve antibakteriyel ilaçlar (Klorokin, hidroksiklorokin,nitazoksanid, ivermektin, azitromisin). In: Birengel S, Balık İ, eds. COVID-19Tedavi Uygulamaları: Kanıt Değerleri. Türkiye Klinikleri: 2021:1-5.
8. Yuan Y, Jiao B, Qu L, Yang D, Liu R. The development of COVID-19 treatment.Front Immunol. 2023;14:1125246. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1125246
9. National Institutes Health (NIH). COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines. https://files. covid19treatment guidelines.nih.gov/guidelines/section/section_38.pdfUpdated November 2, 2023
10. Strizki JM, Gaspar JM, Howe JA, et al. Molnupiravir maintainsantiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 variants and exhibits a highbarrier to the development of resistance. Antimicrob Agents Chemother.2024;68(1):e00953-23. doi: 10.1128/aac.00953-23
11. Alpizar SA, Accini J, Anderson DC, et al. Molnupiravir for intra-householdprevention of COVID-19: the MOVe-AHEAD randomized, placebo-controlled trial. J Infect. 2023;87(5):392-402.
12. Butt AA, Yan P, Shaikh OS, Omer SB, Mayr FB, Talisa VB. molnupiravir useand 30-day hospitalizations or death in a previously uninfected nonhospitalizedhigh-risk population with COVID-19. J Infect Dis. 2023;228(8):1033-1041.
13. Jayk Bernal A, Gomes da Silva MM, Musungaie DB, et al. Molnupiravirfor oral treatment of COVID-19 in nonhospitalized patients. N Engl J Med.2022;386(6):509-520. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2116044
14. Dryden-Peterson S, Kim A, Kim AY, et al. Nirmatrelvir plus ritonavir forearly COVID-19 in a large US health system: a population-based cohortstudy. Ann Intern Med. 2023;176(1):77-84.
15. Yip TCF, Lui GCY, Lai MSM, et al. Impact of the use of oral antiviral agentson the risk of hospitalization in community COVID-19 patients. Clin InfectDis. 2022;76:e26-e33.
16. Shah MM, Joyce B, Plumb ID, et al. Paxlovid associated with decreasedhospitalization rate among adults with COVID-19—United States, April-September, 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022;71(48):1531-1537.
17. Aggarwal NR, Molina KC, Beaty LE, et al. Real-world use of nirmatrelvir-ritonavir in outpatients with COVID-19 during the era of omicron variantsincluding BA.4 and BA.5 in Colorado, USA: a retrospective cohort study.Lancet Infect Dis. 2023;23(6):696-705. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(23)00011-7
18. Shah PL, Orton CM, Grinsztejn B, et al. Favipiravir in patients hospitalisedwith COVID-19 (PIONEER trial): a multicentre, open-label, phase 3,randomised controlled trial of early intervention versus standard care.Lancet Respir Med. 2023;11(5):415-424.
19. Bajema KL, Berry K, Streja E, et al. Effectiveness of COVID-19 treatmentwith nirmatrelvir-ritonavir or molnupiravir among US veterans: target trialemulation studies with one-month and six-month outcomes. Ann Intern Med.2023;176(6):807-816. doi: 10.7326/M22-3565
20. Lasfar A, Zloza A, Silk AW, Lee LY, Cohen-Solal KA. Interferon lambda:toward a dual role in cancer. J Interferon Cytokine Res. 2019;39(1):22-29.doi: 10.1089/jir.2018.0046
21. Heim MH, Thimme R. Innate and adaptive immune responses in HCVinfections. J Hepatol. 2014;61(1):S14-S25.
22. Reis G, Moreira Silva EAS, Medeiros Silva DC, et al. Early treatment withpegylated interferon lambda for COVID-19. N Engl J Med. 2023;388(6):518-528.
23. Lam S, Lombardi A, Ouanounou A. COVID-19: a review of the proposedpharmacological treatments. Eur J Pharmacol. 2020;886:173451. doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173451
24. Kabinger F, Stiller C, Schmitzová J, et al. Mechanism of molnupiravir-induced SARS-CoV-2 mutagenesis. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2021;28(9):740-746.doi: 10.1038/s41594-021-00651-0
Article available in :
Volume 2, Issue 1, 2024
Page : 12-16
https://doi.org/10.51271/ICJIM-0026
Article Information
Received : 03 Şub 2024
Accepted : 24 Şub 2024
Published : 29 Şub 2024
Corresponding Author :

Hakkı Öztürk: Infectious Diseases Epidemiologist, Private Ankara Dialysis Center, Ankara, Turkiye

[email protected]
Citation : Öztürk H, Özsoy M. COVID-19 infection: antiviral therapy. Intercont J Int Med. 2024;2(1):12-16.

Read: 316
Cited: 0
Download : 57
_Footer