ICJIM
Intercontinental Journal of Internal Medicine

The Intercontinental Journal of Internal Medicine aims to publish issues related to all fields of internal medicine of the highest scientific and clinical value at an international level and accepts articles on these topics. This journal is indexed by indices that are considered international scientific journal indices (DRJI, ESJI, OAJI, etc.). According to the current Associate Professorship criteria, it is within the scope of International Article 1-d. Each article published in this journal corresponds to 5 points.

eISSN: 2980-0846
Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International License.
EndNote Style

Online Manuscript System

Index
Review
Current treatment approaches in the management of the heart failure
Abstract
Heart failure is a clinical syndrome in which the function of the heart muscle and neurohormonal regulation are impaired, resulting in an inability to meet the metabolic needs of tissues. Many different mechanisms are involved in the pathophysiology of heart failure. Therefore, this disease is defined as a chronic disease in which treatment management is difficult for both the patient and the physician. Therefore, although the main goal is to take the necessary precautions before the disease develops, this may not always be possible. The management of the disease and the treatment options are being provided by finding drugs that are effective against existing mechanisms or against new mechanisms that have been discovered. The main goal of treatment is to stop the chain of events that cause and worsen heart failure based on the physiopathology. For this reason, there are various treatment modalities accepted in current guidelines to manage the current process. The aim of these treatments is to reduce symptoms, improve quality of life, and reduce mortality and morbidity rates. Recently, many important developments in the field of heart failure have started to come one after another. In this article, the mechanisms of action of the current treatment options and their effects on mortality have been mentioned, but rather than the current pharmacologic treatments, promising new treatment options, especially phase 3 and phase 4 trials, have been evaluated.

Keywords : Heart failure, current treatment, medications, phase trials

Download Article


1. Martin SS, Aday AW, Almarzooq ZI, et al. 2024 heart disease and stroke statistics: a report of US and global data from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2024;149(8):e347-e913.
2. Authors/Task Force Members:, McDonagh TA, Metra M, et al. 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. Eur J Heart Fail. 2022;24(1):4-131.
3. Heidenreich PA, Bozkurt B, Aguilar D, et al. 2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA guideline for the management of heart failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on clinical practice guidelines. Circulation. 2022;145(18):e895-e1032.
4. Herman LL, Padala SA, Ahmed I, Bashir K. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI). In:StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; July 31, 2023.
5. Strauss MH, Hall AS, Narkiewicz K. The combination of beta-blockers and ACE inhibitors across the spectrum of cardiovascular diseases. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 2023;37(4):757-770. doi: 10.1007/s10557-021-07248-1
6. Singh KD, Karnik SS. Angiotensin type 1 receptor blockers in heart failure. Curr Drug Targets. 2020;21(2):125-131. doi: 10.2174/1389450120666190821152000
7. Li N, Lin M, Heizhati M, et al. Effect of spironolactone on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with hypertension and glucose metabolism disorders (ESCAM): a study protocol for a pragmatic randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open. 2020;10(11):e038694. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038694
8. Serenelli M, Jackson A, Dewan P, et al. Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, blood pressure, and outcomes in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. JACC Heart Fail. 2020;8(3):188-198.
9. Diuretic Therapy for Patients With Heart Failure: JACC State-of-the-Art Review. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020;75:1178-1195.
10. Meekers E, Dauw J, Martens P, et al. Renal function and decongestion with acetazolamide in acute decompensated heart failure: the ADVOR trial. Eur Heart J. 2023;44(37):3672-3682.
11. Nyolczas N, Dékány M, Muk B, Szabó B. Combination of hydralazine and isosorbide-dinitrate in the treatment of patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2018;1067:31-45.
12. Armstrong PW, Pieske B, Anstrom KJ, et al. Vericiguat in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(20):1883-1893.
13. Teerlink JR, Diaz R, Felker GM, et al. Cardiac myosin activation with omecamtiv mecarbil in systolic heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2021;384(2):105-116.
14. Clinical Trials, Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. Accessed 01.05.2024. https://www.mayo.edu/research/clinical-trials
15. Borlaug BA, Kitzman DW, Davies MJ, et al. Semaglutide in HFpEF across obesity class and by body weight reduction: a prespecified analysis of the STEP-HFpEF trial. Nat Med. 2023;29(9):2358-2365.
16. Trullàs JC, Morales-Rull JL, Casado J, et al. Rationale and design of the “safety and efficacy of the combination of loop with thiazide-type diuretics in patients with decompensated heart failure (CLOROTIC) trial:” a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study to determine the effect of combined diuretic therapy (loop diuretics with thiazide-type diuretics) among patients with decompensated heart failure. J Card Fail. 2016;22(7):529-536. doi: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2015.11.003
17. Pitt B, Filippatos G, Agarwal R, et al. Cardiovascular events with finerenone in kidney disease and type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2021;385(24):2252-2263. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2110956.
Article available in :
Volume 2, Issue 2, 2024
Page : 32-35
https://doi.org/10.51271/ICJIM-0031
Article Information
Received : 25 Şub 2024
Accepted : 14 May 2024
Published : 29 May 2024
Corresponding Author :

Caner Varhan: Department of Internal Medicine, Gazi Yasargil Training and Research Hospital, Diyarbakir, Turkiye

[email protected]
Citation : Başgöz BB, Öztürk C, Varhan C, Solmaz İ. Current treatment approaches in the management of the heart failure patient. Intercont J Int Med. 2024;2(2):32-35.

Read: 425
Cited: 0
Download : 195
_Footer